John Evans Centenary Project (Ashmolean Museum)

Correspondence

Evans corresponded with many people over several years. Just a few examples are to be found below.

Evans's correspondence reveals that his correspondents mastered many skills, including vivid interpretations in the use of finds (such as in the drawing below) as well as refined tactics in artefact collecting. This can be seen in a letter from Canon William Greenwell (1820-1918) to Evans dated 26 November 1867 (Archive Ref: JE/B/1/6):

"Backhouse and I have got a collection of 160 Danish things, which was exhibited at Paris, for £16. They have not arrived yet, but they cannot be dear. It has to be divided with … & I propose we fight with flint daggers for the choice, as my two opponents are Quakers, & one a member of the Peace Society I expect an easy victory."

Another letter warns Evans, in Danish - a language he mastered, that some Danish items (from Anholt) at the Paris exhibition are badly researched. There were at least 330 items on display in 1867 according to a list in Copenhagen (National Museum archive).

Click for larger images

Letter from Evans to Maxwell with drawing of man with cloak fastening (JE-B-2-60)

Letter to John Evans from Herbert Maxwell (Bt, M.P. F.S.A.Scot) of Whamphill, Wigtownshire dated 1894

The correspondence also reveals artistic merits, at a high level, being used to interpret the finds; for instance in case the use of a large cloak fastener seen in a letter from Evans to Herbert Maxwell (Archive Ref: JE-B-2-60).

Worthington Smith's letter head

In the case of Worthington G. Smith, who by profession was a wood engraver, both letterheads and illustrations are of very high quality.

Sketch of flint by Worthington Smith (JE-B-2-80 iim 523)

Sketch by Worthington Smith in letter to John Evans

High quality drawings can be seen in numerous letters such as one discussing flint napping techniques from the evidence of an implement, which also includes small arrows showing the direction of strikes.

William Arthurs of Ballymena, Ireland was another correspondent over many years. Below is one example of a purchase Evans made from Arthurs. The copper alloy knife was found at Ballyclare, Co. Antrim.
The first page of the letter from William Arthur's asking Evans if he would like to purchase a copper alloy knife	The second page of the letter, with picture of the knife	Evans did indeed purchase the knife and it is now in the Ashmolean Museum collection (AN1927.2836)

F. Ernest Whatley of Cirencester was another correspondent. In his letter of 29th April 1881 he asks Evans to exchange his brooch in the form of a boar for the brooch depicting a cockerel which he had wanted to purchase, but Evans had managed to acquire it instead. The letter is below. Beside the letter is the actual brooch in the collections. Click on the pictures to see larger versions.

boar brooch
Copper alloy brooch depicting a boar (AN1927.415)

click on the picture to see a larger version

letter from Warren to Evans (1858)

Joseph Warren from Ixworth, Suffolk was another correspondent and source of objects. In this letter on the left, Warren tells Evans 'I have met little in the way of antiquities since I last wrote to you till a fortnight ago when a small gold coin, 19 grams, one of the Merovingian ones I think, found near Wells on the Norfolk coast, came my way'. Warren then goes on to thank Evans for his suggestion to make the casts in gutta percha instead of sealing wax, as it better for posting. Follow the link to see more about Joseph Warren and click on the picture to see a larger version.

Evans's foreign contacts included Henri and Louis Siret from Spain. This letter (on mourning paper, but we do not know why) was written in French by Henri and lists the objects Evans acquired, such as ceramic bowls, loomweights and beads. They were from their 1889 excavations from Zapata and El Argar.

letter to Fanny

As well as correspondence from friends, collectors and dealers etc there is a quantity of family papers, including letters between John Evans and his wives. The three letters on the left, written from Nash Mills in 1858, are to Fanny, Evans's second wife. He starts 'Dearest Fanny' on two of them and 'Dearest Old Fanny' on the third. Fanny was 32 at the time and the letters were written a year before they married. Click on the picture to see a larger version.

List of Correspondents

(Note: eventually this website will have a complete list of correspondents with any biographical details that if available. Any help with the identifications of corespondents would be appreciated. Contact: webmaster@ashmus.ox.ac.uk)

Although very extensive the archive is by no means complete. For example there are many letters from Evans in the Lyell archive in Edinburgh University Library, but the Ashmolean does not have the corresponding letters from Lyell to Evans. There are also letters to Evans in several American libraries.

Further References / Links:

Still under construction.